Webmaster – Faculty of AgriSciences

May22

Study on regenerative wine farming takes bull by the horns

New Stellenbosch University-led study tests whether the use of cattle and cover crops can improve vineyard sustainability.
South Africa Wine is funding the study expected to help the industry make more informed decisions on future farming.
Hartenberg Wine Estate hosts pioneering real-world trial of regenerative viticulture

Stellenbosch, 21 May 2025 – As the wine industry gathers for the South Africa Wine Summit this week, a bold new research project is shining a spotlight on how the use of cattle in vineyards could help future-proof the sector in the face of various challenges.

The three-year ReGenWine project, one of the most comprehensive scientific efforts to date to test the potential of regenerative viticulture in a real-world setting, was launched recently. It is being conducted by a multidisciplinary team of Stellenbosch University (SU) researchers, funded by industry body South Africa Wine, and taking place mainly at Hartenberg Wine Estate outside Stellenbosch in the Cape Winelands of the country’s Western Cape province.

While Hartenberg is well-known for its striking Ankole cattle – a large-horned breed that has become part of its visual identity – the ReGenWine study uses Dexter cattle, a smaller and more manageable breed, well suited to the tight layout and conditions of vineyards.

“This is a proof-of-concept study,” said Professor Melané Vivier, the director of SU’s South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, and head of the project. “We’re looking at how to work with nature rather than against it – and whether that can deliver measurable benefits for wine farmers.”

Timely research for a changing industry

The launch of ReGenWine comes as the South African wine industry confronts growing pressure to innovate in the face of climate shocks, rising input costs, and changing consumer expectations. At the 2025 South Africa Wine Summit taking place in Stellenbosch on Thursday 22 May, these challenges will be front and centre.

“Everywhere I go these days, people are talking about sustainability,” said Gerard Martin, South Africa Wine’s executive for research development and innovation. “They’re asking about regenerative farming and what it might mean for their winemaking and their business. This study will generate valuable knowledge to help the industry make more informed decisions.”

Deep roots and progressive ambitions

At the heart of the study is Hartenberg Wine Estate, a historic farm founded in 1692 that has become a frontrunner in regenerative wine farming.

Hartenberg has gradually shifted its practices over the past two decades, introducing multi-species cover crops, composting and biological pest control. But the farm’s transition gained momentum in 2017 with the adoption of holistic grazing – integrating livestock into their vineyards.

Earlier this year, Hartenberg became the first wine estate in South Africa, and only the second globally, to be verified under the Ecological Outcome Verification (EOV) framework – an evidence-based standard for monitoring and improving soil and plant health.

“When we brought the animals in, everything changed,” said Wilhelm Joubert, viticulturist at Hartenberg. “We’ve seen the land come alive again – from the return of earthworms and dung beetles to improved soil structure and biodiversity.”

Testing the model in working vineyards

ReGenWine is bringing rigorous, multidisciplinary research to a global movement that is growing fast but is often driven more by practice and anecdote than by scientific evidence. The goal is to find out whether regenerative methods can improve soil and vine health, maintain wine quality, and strengthen long-term sustainability – both ecologically and economically.

The model combines several elements typical of regenerative viticulture:

Cover crops (oats and grasses) are planted between vineyard rows to protect soil, retain moisture, suppress weeds, and support biodiversity.
Cattle are brought in to graze the cover crops after harvest and before new vine growth (this timing avoids damage to leaves or grapes).
Their manure and urine replenish the soil, reducing the need for chemical fertilisers.
The animals gain weight and can be sold or used for meat in the farm’s restaurant, creating an additional income stream.

The trial is testing whether this integrated approach will strengthen soil health, support vine performance, and reduce input costs – all while at least maintaining grape and wine quality.

Five teams, one mission

To capture the full impact of regenerative viticulture, the ReGenWine project brings together SU researchers from different disciplines and faculties in five interconnected teams:

Soil system – measures carbon levels, microbial activity, and soil structure to assess biological and physical changes.
Grapevine to wine system – tracks vine growth, grape development, and juice composition using field measurements and remote sensing.
Cover crop and animal system – studies livestock integration, feed intake, movement patterns, and nutrient cycling.
Economic and environmental circularity – models input-output flows across different vineyard setups, analyses return on investment, and evaluates lifecycle impacts.
Project and knowledge coordination – ensures effective project management and that data is properly stored and shared with participants and the broader industry.

Foundation for the future

The project is building on a pre-trial study from 2022 to 2024, and the ReGenWine team hopes to generate a robust base of evidence that can inform future decisions in wine farming.

“We won’t answer all questions with one study,” said Vivier, “but we are working to provide a model that others can build on – and to provide a foundation for innovation in the future.”

“It’s also about positioning,” added Martin. “We’re showing that South Africa isn’t just following global trends – we can deliver world-class outcomes when we work together.”

Media contacts:

Stellenbosch University: Julia Harper, 072 535 0204, jrs@sun.ac.za
South Africa Wine: Gerard Martin, 082 814 6657, gerard@sawine.co.za
Hartenberg Wine Estate: Andrea Els, 079 863 9969, wine@hartenberg.co.za

Large-horned Ankole cattle in the vineyards at Hartenberg Wine Estate.

In the ReGenWine study, Dexter cattle are used in the vineyards because they are a smaller and more manageable breed.

Wilhelm Joubert. PIC Henk Oets — Viticulturalist Wilhelm Joubert with one of the Dexter cattle they use in the vineyards at Hartenberg Wine Estate. Picture: Henk Oets

ReGenWine. PIC Henk Oets — Some of the researchers and industry partners involved in the ReGenWine project, a major study to test the viability of regenerative viticulture. Picture: Henk Oets

May22

Nuus

Studie oor regeneratiewe wynbou pak bul by die horings

Nuwe studie onder leiding van die Universiteit Stellenbosch toets of die gebruik van beeste en dekgewasse volhoubare wynbou kan bevorder.
South Africa Wine befonds die studie, wat die bedryf sal help om beter besluite vir die toekoms te neem.
Hierdie toonaangewende proefneming in regeneratiewe wingerdbou vind by Hartenberg Wynlandgoed plaas.

In die konteks van die Suid-Afrikaanse Wynberaad vandeesweek, werp ŉ nuwe navorsingsprojek die kollig op hoe die gebruik van beeste in wingerde die sektor kan help om sy toekoms te verseker te midde van verskeie uitdagings.

Die drie jaar lange ReGenWine-projek, een van die mees omvattende wetenskaplike studies tot nog toe om die potensiaal van regeneratiewe wingerdbou in ŉ werklike omgewing te toets, is onlangs van stapel gestuur. Dit word deur ŉ multidissiplinêre span navorsers van die Universiteit Stellenbosch (US) uitgevoer en deur die bedryfsliggaam South Africa Wine befonds. Dit vind hoofsaaklik by die Hartenberg-wynlandgoed aan die buitewyke van Stellenbosch plaas.

Hoewel Hartenberg bekend is vir sy treffende Ankole-beeste met hul groot horings, word kleiner en meer hanteerbare Dexter-beeste in die ReGenWine-studie gebruik. Hulle is meer geskik vir die kompakte uitleg en toestande van wingerde.

“Ons toets die konsep van regeneratiewe wynbou met hierdie studie,” het prof. Melané Vivier, die direkteur van die US se Suid-Afrikaanse Wingerd- en Wynnavorsingsinstituut, en hoof van die projek, gesê. “Ons kyk na hoe om met die natuur saam te werk eerder as daartéén – en of dit meetbare voordele vir wynboere kan inhou.”

Relevante navorsing vir ŉ veranderende bedryf

Die bekendstelling van ReGenWine kom terwyl die Suid-Afrikaanse wynbedryf toenemende druk in die gesig staar om te innoveer in die lig van klimaatsverandering, stygende insetkoste en veranderende verbruikersverwagtinge. By South Africa Wine se beraad op Donderdag 22 Mei 2025 in Stellenbosch sal hierdie uitdagings voorop staan.

“Oral waar ek deesdae gaan, praat mense oor volhoubaarheid,” sê Gerard Martin, South Africa Wine se uitvoerende hoof vir navorsingsontwikkeling en innovasie. “Hulle het vrae oor regeneratiewe boerdery en wat dit vir hul wynmaak en hul besigheid kan beteken. Hierdie studie sal waardevolle insigte oplewer om die bedryf te help om meer ingeligte besluite te neem.”

Diep wortels en progressiewe ambisies

Die hoofproefterrein is Hartenberg, ŉ historiese plaas wat in 1692 gestig is en ŉ voorloper in regeneratiewe wynboerdery geword het.

Die afgelope twee dekades het Hartenberg sy boerderypraktyke geleidelik verander, onder meer deur middel van multispesie-dekgewasse, kompostering en biologiese plaagbeheer. Dié oorgang het in 2017 spoed opgetel toe die plaas vee begin gebruik het om die dekgewasse tussen hul wingerdrye te bewei.

Vroeër vanjaar het Hartenberg die eerste wynlandgoed in Suid-Afrika geword, en slegs die tweede wêreldwyd, wat geverifieer is ingevolge die Ecological Outcome Verification-raamwerk – ŉ bewysgebaseerde standaard waarmee grond- en plantgesondheid gemonitor en verbeter word.

“Toe ons diere ingebring het, het alles verander,” het Wilhelm Joubert, Hartenberg se wingerdboukundige, gesê. “Die grond het weer lewe gekry – erdwurms en miskruiers het teruggekeer, en die grondstruktuur en biodiversiteit het verbeter.”

Model in werkende wingerde getoets

ReGenWine bring streng, multidissiplinêre navorsing na ŉ vinnig groeiende wêreldwye beweging wat egter meer deur praktyk en anekdotes gedryf word as deur wetenskaplike bewyse. Die doel is om vas te stel of regeneratiewe metodes grond- en wingerdgesondheid kan verbeter, wyngehalte kan handhaaf en langtermynvolhoubaarheid kan versterk – sowel ekologies as ekonomies.

Die model kombineer verskeie elemente wat tipies van regeneratiewe wingerdbou is:

Dekgewasse (hawer en grasse) word tussen wingerdrye geplant om die grond te beskerm, vog te behou, onkruid te onderdruk en biodiversiteit te ondersteun.
Beeste bewei die dekgewasse ná die oes en voor die wingerd weer begin bod (dié tydsberekening voorkom skade aan die blare en druiwe).
Hul mis en urine voed die grond, wat die noodsaak vir chemiese kunsmis verminder.
Die diere sit gewig aan en kan verkoop of vir vleis in die plaas se restaurant gebruik word, wat bykomende inkomste oplewer.

Die proefneming toets of hierdie geïntegreerde benadering grondgesondheid bevorder, wingerdprestasie ondersteun en insetkoste verminder – alles terwyl die kwaliteit van druiwe en wyn minstens gehandhaaf word.

Vyf spanne, een missie

Om die volle impak van regeneratiewe wingerdbou te dek, bring die ReGenWine-projek US-navorsers uit verskillende dissiplines en fakulteite in vyf onderling gekoppelde spanne byeen:

Grondstelsel – meet koolstofvlakke, mikrobiese aktiwiteit en grondstruktuur om biologiese en fisiese veranderinge te bepaal.
Van wingerdstok tot wyn – moniteer wingerdstokgroei, druifontwikkeling en sapsamestelling met behulp van veldmetings en afstandswaarneming.
Dekgewasse en diere – bestudeer vee-integrasie, voerinname, bewegingspatrone en voedingstofsiklusse.
Ekonomiese en omgewingsirkulariteit – modelleer in- en uitsette in verskillende wingerdopstellings, analiseer opbrengs op belegging, en ontleed lewensiklusimpakte.
Projek- en kenniskoördinering – effektiewe projekbestuur om te verseker dat data behoorlik gestoor en gedeel word met deelnemers en die breër bedryf.

Fondament vir die toekoms

Die projek bou voort op ŉ voorloper-studie van 2022 tot 2024, en die ReGenWine-span beoog om ŉ robuuste stel bewyse te genereer wat toekomstige besluitneming in die wynbedryf kan ondersteun.

“Ons gaan nie alle vrae eensklaps beantwoord nie,” het Vivier gesê, “maar ons werk daaraan om ŉ model te bied waarop ander kan voortbou – en om ŉ fondament vir innovasie in die toekoms te lê.”

“Dit gaan ook oor posisionering,” het Martin bygevoeg. “Ons wys dat Suid-Afrika nie net globale tendense navolg nie – ons kan wêreldklas-uitkomste lewer wanneer ons saamwerk.”

Mediakontakte:

Universiteit Stellenbosch: Julia Harper, 072 535 0204, jrs@sun.ac.za
South Africa Wine: Gerard Martin, 082 814 6657, gerard@sawine.co.za
Hartenberg Wynlandgoed: Andrea Els, 079 863 9969, wine@hartenberg.co.za

May21

News

Global experts rally for stronger dragonfly conservation action

Dragonflies highly valuable insects for assessing water, land quality.
Threatened by many factors.
Must be included more widely in biodiversity conservation efforts.
Action plan to promote dragonflies in freshwater, riverbank conservation.
International Day for Biological Diversity is observed on 22 May.
Watch a short video below; (download here)

Below are some soundbites with some interesting facts about dragonflies.

Dragonflies are natural sentinels of our freshwater resources, signalling the health of aquatic ecosystems. To ensure the long-term survival of these insects, and other creatures that share their habitats, we must include them more widely in biodiversity conservation efforts and policies.

This is the key recommendation of a group of international dragonfly experts, including scientists from Stellenbosch University’s Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology.

Ceratogomphus Triceraticus (Charl Deacon) — Ceratogomphus Triceraticus

Allocnemis leucosticta (Charl Deacon) — Allocnemis leucosticta

Action plan

In a recent review* published in Insect Conservation and Diversity, they proposed the following five-point action plan to promote dragonflies in freshwater and riverbank conservation: expanding and enhancing dragonfly assessment and monitoring; including dragonflies in standard environmental toxicological risk assessment; learning from dragonflies to improve landscape conservation efforts; ensuring the integration of dragonflies with other plant and animal conservation initiatives; and promoting dragonflies in environmental education.

According to the scientists, global dragonfly conservation hinges on these five actions implemented across different regions and landscapes and by various stakeholders.

They explain why conserving dragonflies matters: “Dragonflies are a key component of freshwater and neighbouring land ecosystems. Importantly, they have been especially valuable for assessing water and land quality. Groups of dragonfly species in a defined habitat can tell us a lot about deteriorating environmental conditions and the requirements to restore degraded habitats.”

They point out that dragonflies are threatened by a range of factors, including habitat loss, landscape transformation, pollution, changes in water movement and management, and the spread of invasive alien species—all of which are driven by human activities.

“Overarching these threats—which often interact—is the ongoing challenge of global climate change and its associated extreme weather events.”

The scientists add that dragonflies could also help us to measure the success of conservation efforts. Some examples include the global reduction of human exploitation of wetlands through sustainable land-use practices, beaver reintroduction programmes in Europe, habitat restoration programmes including management of highly invasive alien species, sustainable drainage systems development in cities to enhance resilience to extreme weather and water-related events (which also creates new dragonfly habitats), and clean energy projects.

The researchers say that it is important to continue and expand the assessment and monitoring of dragonfly population sizes, distributions and the groups of species that live in specific areas. This information feeds into international conservation prioritisation frameworks and initiatives for understanding conservation risks and declines relative to human pressures and ongoing climate change.

Monitoring and evaluation during the early stages of conservation programmes are critical to ensure that dragonfly populations, habitats and ecosystems are effectively assessed over time. This approach also helps to quantify threats and measure the level of conservation success. Information gathered through assessment and monitoring must be translated into practical conservation efforts and policy decisions.

“By including dragonflies in broader conservation initiatives, conservation policies and management globally will become more effective. We need policies that focus on overall biodiversity protection, with dragonflies being an important component.”

Local expertise

The scientists say that dragonflies’ ability to survive under different environmental conditions depends on the traits or characteristics of individual species.

“For some species, these traits may help them adapt to or benefit from human activities, such as creation of ponds. Others, however, may lack these traits, making them vulnerable to local extinction. While databases on the traits of dragonflies are expanding, other unknown characteristics may also play a role in their ability to adapt to changing environments.”

The researchers call for conservation efforts that link water and land, improve connectivity between habitats, and better maintain water and soil quality. According to them, the landscape approach is based on the idea that efforts to protect dragonflies will also benefit other organisms that share similar habitats and requirements.

They add that building a solid base of knowledge and enhancing local expertise is key to understanding dragonflies better and improving conservation efforts.

“Updating regional species lists and developing field guides and digital applications help with species identification. These resources also have great potential to develop knowledge on how they live in ecosystems and interact with plants and animals they share these ecosystems with.”

Dragonflies are iconic and charismatic, adding to their appeal in environmental education across multiple age and racial groups, the scientists say. They emphasise the value of citizen science in enhancing research on conservation and management requirements.

Understanding the cultural role of dragonflies across various regions, will, in turn, spark interest in them, encourage a desire to protect them, and feed into policymaking.

“The protection of dragonflies should be promoted more widely by using a variety of media platforms to bring public attention to the conservation of their habitats. Finding new ways to involve diverse societies can help ensure that the true value of dragonflies as sentinels for conservation is realised.”

Source: M Samways et al (2025). Scientists’ warning on the need for greater inclusion of dragonflies in global conservation. Insect Conservation and Diversity. DOI: 10.1111/icad.12819

*This review was done in collaboration between scientists from South Africa, Mexico, Portugal, Australia, The Netherlands, Brazil, the United States of America, Germany, Spain, Belgium, Czechia, Japan, the United Kingdom, Canada, Argentina, Colombia, and Sweden.

FOR MEDIA ENQURIES ONLY

Dr Charl Deacon
Postdoctoral Research Fellow
Department of Conservation Ecology & Entomology
Faculty of AgriSciences
Stellenbosch University
Cell: 083 275 9298
Email: charldeacon@sun.ac.za

May21

Nuus

Kenners wêreldwyd doen ’n oproep vir groter naaldekokerbewaringsaksie

Naaldekokers belangrike insekte vir beoordeling van water- en grondgehalte.
Word deur verskeie faktore bedreig.
Moet by wyer bewaringsinisiatiewe ingesluit word.
Aksieplan vir bevordering van naaldekokers in varswater- en rivieroewerbewaring.
Internasionale Dag vir Biologiese Diversiteit is op 22 Mei.
Kyk na ’n kort video; (Laai video hier af)

Hieronder is ‘n paar klankgrepe met interessante feite oor naaldekokers.

Naaldekokers is natuurlike bewakers van ons varswaterbronne en dui die gesondheid van akwatiese ekostelsels aan. Om die langtermyn-oorlewing van hierdie insekte en ander lewende wesens wat hulle habitatte deel, te verseker, moet ons hulle wyer insluit by biodiversiteitsbewaringspogings en -beleide.

Dit is een van die belangrikste aanbevelings van ‘n groep internasionale naaldekokerkundiges, insluitende wetenskaplikes van die Universiteit Stellenbosch se Departement Bewaringsekologie en Entomologie.

Aksieplan

In ‘n onlangse oorsig* wat in Insect Conservation and Diversity verskyn het, het hulle die volgende vyfpunt-aksieplan voorgestel om naaldekokers in varswater- en rivieroewerbewaring te bevorder: uitbreiding en verbetering van naaldekokerassessering en -monitering; insluiting van naaldekokers in standaard omgewingstoksikologiese risikobepaling; leer by naaldekokers om landskapbewaringspogings te verbeter; verseker die integrasie van naaldekokers by ander plant- en dierebewaringsinisiatiewe; en die bevordering van naaldekokers in omgewingsopvoeding.

Volgens die wetenskaplikes hang wêreldwye naaldekokerbewaring af van hierdie vyf stappe wat in verskillende streke en landskappe en deur verskeie belanghebbendes geïmplementeer word.

Hulle verduidelik waarom die bewaring van naaldekokers saak maak: “Naaldekokers is ‘n sleutelkomponent van varswater- en naburige landekostelsels. Wat veral belangrik is, is dat hulle veral waardevol is vir die beoordeling van water- en grondgehalte. Groepe naaldekokerspesies in ‘n gedefinieerde habitat kan ons baie vertel oor verslegtende omgewingstoestande en die vereistes om afgebreekte habitatte te herstel.”

Hulle wys daarop dat naaldekokers deur ‘n reeks faktore, insluitende habitatverlies, landskaptransformasie, besoedeling, veranderinge in waterbeweging en -bestuur en die verspreiding van indringerspesies, bedreig word. Hierdie word alles deur menslike aktiwiteite aangeblaas.

“Die oorkoepelende faktor van hierdie bedreigings—wat dikwels op mekaar inwerk—is die voortdurende uitdaging van wêreldwye klimaatsverandering en die gepaardgaande uiterste weersomstandighede.”

Die wetenskaplikes voeg by dat naaldekokers ons ook kan help om die sukses van bewaringspogings te meet. Enkele voorbeelde sluit die wêreldwye vermindering van menslike uitbuiting van vleilande deur volhoubare grondgebruikpraktyke, herbekendstellingsprogramme van bewers in Europa, habitatherstelprogramme, insluitende die bestuur van indringerspesies, volhoubare dreineringstelselontwikkeling in stede om veerkragtigheid teen uiterste weer en waterverwante gebeure te verbeter (wat ook nuwe naaldekokerhabitatte skep) en skoon energieprojekte in.

Die navorsers sê dit is belangrik om voort te gaan met die assessering en monitering van die grootte van naaldekokerbevolkings, verspreiding en die groepe spesies wat in spesifieke gebiede woon. Hierdie inligting dra by tot internasionale bewaringsprioritiseringsraamwerke en inisiatiewe om bewaringsrisiko’s en -afname relatief tot menslike druk en voortgesette klimaatsverandering te verstaan.

“Monitering en evaluering gedurende die vroeë stadiums van bewaringsprogramme is van uiterste belang om te verseker dat naaldekokerbevolkings, habitatte en ekostelsels mettertyd doeltreffend beoordeel word. Hierdie benadering help ook om bedreigings te kwantifiseer en die vlak van bewaringsukses te meet. Inligting wat deur assessering en monitering ingesamel word, moet omgeskakel word in praktiese bewaringspogings en beleidsbesluite.

“Deur naaldekokers by breër bewaringsinisiatiewe in te sluit, sal bewaringsbeleide en bestuur wêreldwyd meer doeltreffend word. Ons het beleide nodig wat op algehele beskerming van biodiversiteit fokus, met naaldekokers as ‘n belangrike komponent.”

Plaaslike kundigheid

Die wetenskaplikes sê naaldekokers se vermoë om onder verskillende omgewingstoestande te oorleef, hang van die kenmerke of eienskappe van individuele spesies af.

“Vir sommige spesies kan hierdie eienskappe hulle help om aan te pas by of voordeel te trek uit menslike aktiwiteite, soos die skep van damme. Ander mag egter moontlik nie hierdie eienskappe hê nie, wat hulle kwesbaar maak vir plaaslike uitwissing. Terwyl databasisse oor die eienskappe van naaldekokers uitbrei, kan ander onbekende eienskappe ook ‘n rol in hulle vermoë speel om by veranderende omgewings aan te pas.”

Die navorsers doen ‘n oproep om bewaringspogings wat water en grond te verbind, die verbinding tussen habitatte te verbeter en water- en grondgehalte beter te handhaaf. Volgens hulle is die landskapbenadering op die idee gegrond dat pogings om naaldekokers te beskerm, ook ander organismes sal bevoordeel wat soortgelyke habitatte deel en soortgelyke vereistes het.

Hulle voeg by dat die vestiging van ‘n stewige kennisbasis en die verbetering van plaaslike kundigheid die sleutel is om naaldekokers beter te verstaan en bewaringspogings te verbeter.

“Die bywerking van plaaslike spesielyste en die ontwikkeling van veldgidse en digitale toepassings help met spesie-identifikasie. Hierdie hulpbronne het ook groot potensiaal om kennis te ontwikkel oor hoe hulle in ekostelsels leef en interaksie met plante en diere het waarmee hulle hierdie ekostelsels deel.”

Naaldekokers is ikonies en charismaties, wat tot hulle aantrekkingskrag in omgewingsopvoeding regoor verskeie ouderdoms- en rassegroepe bydra, sê die wetenskaplikes. Hulle beklemtoon die waarde van burgerwetenskap in die verbetering van navorsing oor bewarings- en bestuursvereistes.

“Om die kulturele rol van naaldekokers in verskeie streke te verstaan, sal belangstelling in hulle wek, ‘n begeerte aanmoedig om hulle te beskerm en tot beleidskepping bydra.

“Die beskerming van naaldekokers moet wyer bevorder word deur ‘n verskeidenheid mediaplatforms te gebruik om die publiek se aandag op die bewaring van hulle habitatte te vestig. Nuwe maniere om uiteenlopende samelewings te betrek kan help om te verseker dat die werklike waarde van naaldekokers as bewakers van bewaring verwesenlik word.”

Bron: M Samways et al (2025). Scientists’ warning on the need for greater inclusion of dragonflies in global conservation. Insect Conservation and Diversity. DOI: 10.1111/icad.12819

*Wetenskaplikes van Suid-Afrika, Meksiko, Portugal, Australië, Nederland, Brasilië, die Verenigde State van Amerika, Duitsland, Spanje, België, Tsjeggië, Japan, die Verenigde Koninkryk, Kanada, Argentinië, Colombia en Swede het saamgewerk aan hierdie oorsig.

SLEGS VIR MEDIANAVRAE

Dr Charl Deacon
Postdoktorale navorsingsgenoot
Departement Bewaringsekologie en Entomologie
Fakulteit AgriWetenskappe
Universiteit Stellenbosch
Sel: 083 275 9298
E-pos: charldeacon@sun.ac.za

April04

News

From Rural Beginnings to Breaking New Scientific Ground: The PhD Journey of Dr Nkosinathi Nxumalo

Graduation was held on Tuesday, 25 March, marking a significant milestone in the academic journey of Dr Nkosinathi Nxumalo. Growing up in the rural area of Ematholeni Reserve in Empangeni kwesakwaMthethwa, the prospect of pursuing higher education once felt like a distant dream. Financial challenges at home made the idea of attending university—let alone earning a PhD—seem nearly impossible. However, through determination, resilience, and the support of funding bodies such as NSFAS and the NRF, this dream became a reality.

Dr Nxumalo completed high school at Welabasha High School in 2010 and took a gap year in 2011. In 2012, he enrolled in a BSc in Animal Science at the University of Zululand, successfully completing the degree in 2015. His journey into research began with an NRF internship in 2016, which laid the foundation for his postgraduate studies. In 2017, he registered for an MSc in Animal Science, which he completed in 2019.

The most significant challenge in his academic career came in 2020, when he took the bold step of registering for a PhD in Animal Science (Breeding and Genetics) at Stellenbosch University. Relocating to the Western Cape was a major adjustment, made even more difficult by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. The uncertainty, isolation, and research delays led to moments of doubt, and at one point, he even considered returning home. However, with the unwavering support of his supervisor, Dr Molotsi, and his parents, he persevered through this challenging period.

His PhD research proved to be groundbreaking, presenting the first genome assembly of a southern African indigenous sheep breed. The study identified genes and genomic mechanisms that contribute to the adaptation of Nguni sheep (Zulu ecotype) to local environments, particularly their resilience to high temperatures and endemic diseases. Additionally, the research uncovered genetic links between the Zulu ecotype and European sheep populations, providing valuable insights into their history and evolutionary development.

As Dr Nxumalo celebrates this achievement, he reflects on a journey that was far from easy but ultimately shaped him into the researcher he is today. His story stands as a testament to the power of passion, perseverance, and the right support, proving that even the most ambitious dreams can be realised.

April03

News

A Tribute to a Pioneer: The Legacy of Professor Wilhelm Eckart Kassier

With the passing of Professor Wilhelm Eckart Kassier, South African agricultural economics bids farewell to a transformative figure. A visionary leader, an academic powerhouse, and a champion of market reform, Prof Kassier left an indelible mark on agricultural policy, education, and industry. His influence is not only etched in research papers and policy reports but also in today’s thriving, deregulated agricultural markets.

Fondly called “Algie” by those close to him, Prof Kassier devoted his career to bridging the gap between agricultural economic theory and practical application. His work culminated in the landmark Kassier Report, which laid the foundation for deregulating agricultural markets in the 1990s. At a time when South Africa was undergoing significant political and economic change, his leadership in policy reform helped reshape the agricultural landscape, fostering competition, efficiency, and inclusivity.

Born and raised in the German community of Wartburg, KwaZulu-Natal, his early years shaped his multilingual abilities and deep appreciation for agriculture. A gifted linguist, he was fluent in English, Afrikaans, German, and isiZulu—an ability that later enriched his teaching and engagement with students from diverse backgrounds. After earning his degrees at the University of Natal and the University of Hohenheim in Germany, he took up a position at Stellenbosch University in 1964. Within a year, he was appointed Professor and Head of the Department of Agricultural Economics, a position he held for nearly three decades. His tenure saw the department become a leading centre for agricultural economics research in Africa.

But Prof Kassier was never just an academic. He was a mentor, an innovator, and a problem solver. He supervised countless Master’s and PhD students, shaping the next generation of agricultural economists. His teachings extended beyond university walls, with hundreds of short courses and industry seminars that brought academic insights directly to farmers and agribusiness leaders. His legendary farm management and agricultural policy courses became a rite of passage for many in the sector.

Beyond the classroom, he played a pivotal role in restructuring South Africa’s agricultural marketing system. In 1992, he was tasked with leading the Committee of Inquiry into the Marketing Act, where his keen research and strategic approach played a crucial role in phasing out obsolete control boards. The resulting Agricultural Marketing Products Act of 1996 ushered in a new era of free-market agriculture, ensuring that competition, rather than regulation, drove efficiency and growth.

Even after retirement, Prof Kassier’s expertise remained in demand. He chaired multiple advisory committees, including one that ended the KWV’s monopoly over the wine industry, paving the way for a more dynamic and globally competitive sector. His impact on South African agriculture continues to be felt in anticipated and unexpected ways.

Despite his sharp intellect and high standards, Prof Kassier was known for his wit and warmth. His sense of humour, often laced with irony, made even the most serious discussions engaging. He mentored many, including the late Prof Mohammed Karaan, whom he supported as the first student of colour in the department and whose career was profoundly shaped by Kassier’s guidance.

Prof Kassier’s legacy is defined by his bold vision, relentless pursuit of reform, and unwavering commitment to excellence. His contributions helped shape an industry that continues to evolve, benefiting millions of South Africans. As we reflect on his life, we honour not only his achievements but also the values he instilled—rigour, integrity, and an unwavering commitment to progress.

The agricultural economics profession has lost a giant. Stellenbosch University has lost a cornerstone of its history. But his influence lives on in every deregulated market, every student he mentored, and the thriving agricultural sector he helped build.

From left to right: Professors Nick Vink, Professor Wilhelm Eckart Kassier and Mohammed Karaan

Professor Wilhelm Eckart Kassier

Based on a piece written for the Agricultural Economics Association of South Africa (AEASA) journa, Agrekon, by Nick Vink (Emeritus Professor, Agricultural Economics, Stellenbosch University) and Johan van Zyl (Co-CEO of African Rainbow Capital and Director of Companies).

April03

News

Leading Agricultural Societies Unite at Combined Congress 2025 in Polokwane to Advance Sustainable Farming

The South African Society of Crop Production (SASCP), Soil Science Society of South Africa (SSSSA), and Southern African Society for Horticultural Sciences (SASHS), gathered for the annual Combined Congress 2025 (CC2025) held in Polokwane from 19th – 23rd January. The Combined Congress is a unifying platform for all members of the aforementioned societies. The event fosters a holistic understanding of sustainable agricultural practices and environmental stewardship. Each year, the congress rotates to different locations across South Africa, allowing society members to engage with diverse agricultural landscapes and regional challenges.

The congress was held in Polokwane, Limpopo, at The Ranch Hotel for the first time. Immersed in the rich cultural heritage of Limpopo, society members engaged in discussions about the CC2025 theme: ‘Science for Commercial and Rural Development’; while making network connections in the comfort of the aircon during the summer heat. Constantly refreshed and pampered by the amenities, services, and events, the CC2025 was ideally located, which was evident in the high attendance of the event. Additionally, the locality allowed for field visits to local legends such as ZZ2, Westfalia Fruit, and Torofina Trading Post Farming.

One of the most exciting aspects of the CC2025 was the research presentations and posters delivered by students and researchers from across South Africa. Among the standout participants were the students from Stellenbosch University (SU), who showcased their work across various disciplines. Their research not only highlighted the depth of academic excellence at the university but also underscored the critical role of science in addressing real-world challenges.

The poster sessions were a colorful maze of the latest advancements in agriculture, environmental science, and sustainability. The SU students made a significant impact with their beautiful maroon and gold posters and articulate presentations:

– Jade Andrews explored the benefits of “cover crop integration” in vegetable Conservation Agriculture systems in her poster, demonstrating how this practice can improve weed management and promote sustainable farming. Andrews also took the stage to expand on her poster by presenting the soil health and crop yield effects of the aforementioned systems. For her impressive work, Andrews received the ZZ2 Conservation Student Award.

– Andries Le Roux delved into the pressing issue of climate change, presenting his research poster on its impacts on “canola growth and yield characteristics”. Expanding on his poster, Le Roux presented his climate work in the context of the Swartland region. His work provided valuable insights into adapting agricultural practices to a changing climate.

– Mmakwena Velicia Mabitsela presented a poster titled “The Effects of Rotational Tillage with a Deep Tine to 45 cm Depth” on Canola Productivity in the Swartland Region at SASCP. As a member of the SSSSA, she presented her findings on the nutrient stratification of the aforementioned tillage practices. Her findings highlighted the potential of innovative tillage practices to enhance crop yields and she was honored with the SSSSA Award for Best Presentation.

– Dr. Flackson Tshuma presented his research on the effects of “tillage rotation and biostimulants” on crop productivity and the reduction of synthetic agrochemical use in dryland cropping systems. His work emphasized the importance of sustainable farming practices.

– Okamelang Shao examined “wheat cultivar responses to foliar diseases” under different fungicide spray programs, offering practical recommendations for disease management in wheat production.

– Sandra Hull focused on “genotype-environment interactions in pre-harvest sprouting of wheat”, shedding light on how genetic and environmental factors influence crop quality. Hull was center stage, presenting on this topic, and was awarded the Daan F Retief floating trophy for the best paper (40 years and younger); leading the way for young scientists.

-Louise Bestbier presented on herbicide use in Conservation Agriculture systems. Her work sought to answer the questions posed by farmers looking to transition to more sustainable practices. She received the student award for best presentation.

– Joshua Apples took the stage at the SASHS session, presenting his work on “improving the sustainability of blueberry production through the optimization of preharvest factors”. His research offered actionable strategies for enhancing both yield and sustainability in blueberry farming.

The research presented by the SU students was a testament to their dedication, creativity, and commitment to solving some of the most pressing challenges facing agriculture and the environment today. Stellenbosch continued to shine with additional awards given to Dr PJ Pieterse for the best paper published during 2023 SA Journal of Plant and Soil and Daniel Johannesburg Volschenk receiving the SASCP Student Award for Academic Performance (75%+).

April03

News

Honouring Excellence: A Celebration of Growth, Gratitude, and the Future of Food Systems

The pre-graduation celebration on Tuesday, 25 March, was a heartfelt occasion filled with hope and gratitude as we honoured 15 transdisciplinary MSc students (Food & Nutrition Security and Sustainable Agriculture) and one PhD student. A sense of anticipation and excitement filled the room as these graduates prepared to embark on their next chapter.

Prof Gunnar Sigge and Dr Ethel Phiri, along with Prof Mbhenyane (in absentia), extended heartfelt congratulations, acknowledging the significant achievements of each student. The graduates, in turn, shared moving accounts of their academic journeys, highlighting the profound impact their studies have had on both their personal and professional lives.

The connection between food systems, food production, and our fundamental right to food was a central theme. Recognising the inherent inequalities and disparities within these systems, the programs’ emphasis on a systems approach proved invaluable. As demonstrated by the graduates, this approach has equipped them to navigate complex challenges across diverse domains, from primary production to health and nutrition.

Now poised to make a difference, many graduates are joining esteemed organisations such as UNICEF, the World Bank, and the food processing and retail sectors. Their success serves as a beacon of hope for the future.

We extend our warmest congratulations to each graduate. A special thank you also goes to the dedicated staff from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and AgriSciences, whose collaborative efforts have been instrumental in bringing this hopeful vision to life.

April03

News

From Small Beginnings to Soaring Heights: A Journey of Resilience and Triumph

Sweetness hails from the small town of Alice in the Eastern Cape, where her passion for science and determination has shaped an inspiring journey of perseverance. Her drive to pursue postgraduate studies in Soil Science was sparked by her Cum Laude BSc degree from the University of Fort Hare in Alice and her first peer-reviewed publication from her final year project. As an introvert, Sweetness found it easier to express herself through writing than through speaking. Her high school English teacher, recognizing her talent for written communication, once suggested she consider a career in journalism. At the time, Sweetness didn’t believe in the idea, feeling that a career in journalism required a level of social charisma she didn’t possess. However, looking back, Sweetness now realizes that her teacher’s words were more prophetic than she could have known. While she never pursued journalism, her love of writing has always been central to her journey, helping her communicate science in ways that blend the art of writing with the power of discovery. Through her dedication to writing and communicating complex scientific concepts, Sweetness has contributed to the advancement of Soil Science, with a citation index of 5 and eight publications in peer-reviewed journals, showcasing the impact of her research and her commitment to sharing knowledge.

Sweetness’s academic journey was never without hardship. Choosing to pursue a PhD at Stellenbosch University meant leaving her extended family of five, including her precious daughter Khanya, behind. Just as she was settling into the demands of her research, COVID-19 hit, and everything changed. Her mother, the family’s sole financial provider, lost her job, placing even more pressure on Sweetness to support her loved ones while juggling her own academic pursuits. It was a daunting realization that her NRF bursary was now the main lifeline for her entire family. Yet, Sweetness found strength in this challenge, knowing that her dreams and those of her family depended on her perseverance.

With the bursary allowance not enough to sustain her family, Sweetness had no choice but to start applying for jobs. In 2021, she was offered a lecturing position at Fort Cox Agriculture and Forestry Training Institute. Initially hesitant, knowing the demands of her PhD would leave little room for additional responsibilities, she was encouraged by her supervisors to accept the offer. She learned to balance her teaching responsibilities with her research, making weekends a blur of travel between two provinces to conduct laboratory experiments, while managing the exhaustion that came with the double workload. Despite the challenges, Sweetness’s resilience never faltered.

As if that wasn’t enough, Sweetness faced a physical challenge that would further test her endurance. She suffered a knee injury that required rare surgery. Doctors explained that the injury was related to childhood trauma, a damage comparable to those sustained by athletes, which resulted in meniscus damage that could not be repaired and required arthroscopic grafting. Despite the pain and uncertainty, Sweetness shares that the achievement she celebrates today means more than the physical pain she endured. Every challenge, including this one, has made her success all the sweeter and more meaningful.

Through it all, Sweetness’s unwavering determination, combined with the guidance of her supportive mentors, enabled her to complete her PhD graduating with straight A’s and no corrections required from her examiners.

Looking back, Sweetness feels a profound sense of gratitude for the guidance and encouragement she received, particularly from her supervisors. “As a supervisor, my role is to make sure my students achieve their goals,” Prof Clarke once said to her in one of the field trips. At the time, Sweetness didn’t fully understand the depth of this statement, but in her moments of struggle, those words became a lifeline.

Today, Sweetness’s story serves as a beacon of hope for young, ambitious children who may feel that their dreams are too distant. She wants them to know that no matter what their background, with resilience, support, and the courage to chase their passions, anything is possible. As Paulo Coelho writes in The Alchemist, “When you want something, all the universe conspires in helping you to achieve it.”

April03

Nuus

ŉ Nuwe voorsitter vir Departement Genetika aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch

Prof. Clint Rhode is sedert die begin van 2025 die nuwe voorsitter van die Departement Genetika. As ‘n opkomende akademiese leier en gesiene navorser is Prof. Rhode ŉ bekende in die Genetika dissipline. Sy aanstelling as voorsitter van die Departement, wie in 2025 hul Eeufeesviering gedenk, beloof om die gevestigde fokus op uitnemende onderrig, navorsing en dienslewering nog verder uit te bou en van krag tot krag te sien gaan.

Met ‘n PhD in Genetika, registrasie as ‘n Professionele Natuurwetenskaplike en as President van die Suid-Afrikaanse Genetika Vereniging (SAGV), fokus prof Rhode hoofsaaklik op Dier-genetika, met ‘n spesialisasie in populasie- en kwantitatiewe genetika. Hierdie fokusgebiede is uiters belangrik in die bevordering van telingsprogramme en komplekse genetiese eienskappe.

’n Passie vir Wetenskap en Leierskap

Op ŉ vraag na die oorspong van sy belangstelling in die veld van genetika, het Prof. Rhode opgemerk dat sy eie nuuskierigheid en liefde vir wetenskap sy loopbaanpad help bepaal het.

“Ek was nog altyd nuuskierig en het gedurig ‘waarom’ gevra. Aanvanklik wou ek ‘n veearts word, maar het gou besef dat ‘n loopbaan wat konstante ontdekking en uitdaging bied, beter by my persoonlikheid pas. Genetika het my bekoor omdat dit wiskunde en biologie kombineer -twee vakgebiede wat ek regtig geniet.”

Hoewel hy sy pad na genetika in beskeie terme beskryf, kan sy indrukwekkende akademiese rekord -met cum laude-prestasies in al sy grade – nie onderskat word nie. Prof Rhode se nederigheid en lojaliteit aan sy akademiese tuiste is kenmerke wat hom ideaal posisioneer vir die leierskaprol wat hy nou inneem.Die primêre fokus van sy visie vir sy ampstermyn is die versterking van die akademiese gemeenskap en navorsingsuitnemendheid—veral ná die uitdagings van die COVID-19-pandemie.

“Een van my hoofdoelwitte is om ‘n omgewing te skep waar navorsers en studente verbind voel, geïnspireer word, en deel voel van iets groter as hulleself.“

Die Departement Genetika aan die Universiteit Stellenbosch is een van slegs twee onafhanklike genetika-departemente in Suid-Afrika, wat studente die geleentheid bied om ‘n nagraadse graad in genetika as ‘n selfstandige dissipline te verwerf. Terwyl baie universiteite genetika met biochemie of mikrobiologie geïntegreer het, bly Stellenbosch toegewyd aan die opleiding van spesialiste in genetika eerder as algemene bioloë -’n verantwoordelikheid wat Prof. Rhode met trots voortsit.

Geleenthede en Uitdagings in ’n Veranderende Veld

Prof. Rhode beskryf die departement se geleenthede en uitdagings as ‘n “tweesnydende swaard”. Terwyl verandering ŉ gegewe is in enige omgewing is, bied dit ook ‘n geleentheid vir vernuwing en sodoende vooruitgang te verseker.

“Veranderingbestuur is altyd ‘n uitdaging, maar dit gee ons ook die kans om ons koerste herevalueer en relevant te bly in ‘n vinnig ontwikkelende veld. Die sleutel lê daarin om te verseker dat almal die belangrikheid van hierdie veranderinge verstaan en toegewyd is in die langtermyn sukses van die omgewing.“

Sy verbintenis tot innovasie is duidelik en bevestig dat die departement steeds ‘n toonaangewende speler in genetiese navorsing, onderrig en bedryfsamewerking sal bly.

Baanbrekersnavorsing in Genetika

Prof. Rhode se bydraes tot genetika strek veel verder as die lesingsaal. Een van sy belangrikste navorsingsprojekte was die volledige volgordebepaling van die eerste en enigste Suid-Afrikaanse klipkous-genoom (of perlemoen, soos dit plaaslik bekend staan), ’n spesie wat ’n deurslaggewende rol in akwakultuur en marinebewaring speel.

“Deur die genetiese samestelling van perlemoen te verstaan, kan ons metodes ontwikkel om hulle vinniger te laat groei, hul populasieste beskerm en te verseker dat hulle kan aanpas by veranderende oseaanomstandighede.”

Verder het sy navorsing oor die swart venstervlieg, ‘n spesie met beduidendetoepassings in volhoubare dierevoer en afvalvermindering, internasionale erkenning verwerf. Sy werk ondersoek hoe genetika grootskaalse telingsprogramme beïnvloed, wat voedselproduksie doeltreffender en omgewingsvriendeliker maak. ’n Getuienis van sy deurslaggewendeinvloed in die veld was sy onlangse uitnodiging as hoofspreker by die “Insect Genetic IMProvement, IMPlementation, and IMPact (Insect-IMP)” werkswinkel in Athene, Griekeland. Sy plenêre sessie, “Population and Functional Genomics of Black Soldier Fly Mass Rearing”, het nie net sy kundigheid ten toon gestel nie, maar ook Stellenbosch Universiteit en Sub-Sahara Afrika op die wêreldverhoog verteenwoordig.

Hierdie gesogte uitnodiging bevestig sy status as ’n leier in toegepaste genetika en beklemtoon die departement se rol in voorpuntnavorsing oor voedselveiligheid en volhoubare landbou.

Inspirasie vir diewetenskaplikes van die toekoms

Buite sy navorsing bly mentorskap en studentebetrokkenheid ’n fokus van Prof. Rhode se akademiese filosofie. Hy beskou studente as die ambassadeurs van die departement, en hul sukses is van kritiese belang vir die departement se impak.

“Ons rol as akademici is nie net om te doseernie; ons moet inspireer. Studente wat hier studeer, dra ons nalatenskap voort en wys die wêreld waarom genetika by Stellenbosch van wêreldgehalte is.“

Vir jongmense wat ‘n loopbaan in genetika oorweeg, beklemtoon hy die groeiende belangrikheid van rekenaarvaardighede en aanpasbaarheid in die vinnig ontwikkelende wetenskaplike landskap.

“Genetika verander vinnig. As jy van biologie hou, maar ook belangstel in statistiek, KI en rekenaarwetenskap, is hierdie veld vir jou. Dit is waar die toekoms van mediese wetenskap, landbou en biotegnologie gevorm word.”

’n Tuiste vir Innovasie en Visie

Prof. Rhode beskou die Departement se Eeufeesvierings vanjaar ŉ ideale kans vir nadenke én vir vooruitskouing.

“Dit is ’n tyd om ons prestasies te vier, maar ook om te beplan vir die volgende 100 jaar. Hoe bly ons relevant? Hoe dryf ons genetika verder? Dit is die vrae wat ons toekoms sal rig.“

Met sy wetenskaplike kundigheid, leierskap en toewyding aan mentorskap, word daar uitgesien na die visie die toekoms van genetika aan Stellenbosch Universiteit.

Leier met ’n Dapper Visie

As jou departementele skrywer het ek die voorreg gehad om Prof. Rhode se reis van PhD-student tot Navorser, Lektor, Senior Lektor, Professor en nou Departementshoof te aanskou. As ’n leier uit eie geledere het hy ’n diepgaande begrip van die departement se dinamika, wat hom in ’n unieke posisie plaas om voort te bou op ‘nryk nalatenskap. Ek sien met groot afwagting uit na hoe sy visie en leierskap die toekoms van genetika aan die Universiteit Stellenbosch sal vorm.